教育部、财政部关于实施高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程的意见
教育部 财政部
教育部、财政部关于实施高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程的意见
教高〔2007〕1号
各省、自治区、直辖市教育厅（教委）、财政厅（局），新疆生产建设兵团教育局、财务局，有关部门（单位）教育、财务司（局），部属各高等学校：
为全面贯彻落实科学发展观，切实把高等教育重点放在提高质量上，经报国务院同意，教育部、财政部决定实施“高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程”（以下简称质量工程），现就该工程的实施提出如下意见。
一、实施质量工程的重要意义
（一）高等教育肩负着培养数以千万计的高素质专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才的重要使命。提高高等教育质量，既是高等教育自身发展规律的需要，也是办好让人民满意的高等教育、提高学生就业能力和创业能力的需要，更是建设创新型国家、构建社会主义和谐社会的需要。党和政府高瞻远瞩，立足于我国高等教育实际，站在实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史高度，做出了把高等教育的重点放在提高质量上的重要决策，这对实现我国经济社会全面协调可持续发展具有重要的历史意义和现实意义。
（二）近年来，高等教育规模快速发展，质量有了较大的提高，为我国经济社会的快速、健康和可持续发展以及高等教育自身的改革发展做出了巨大贡献。但是，高等教育质量还不能完全适应经济社会发展的需要，不少高校的专业设置和结构不尽合理，学生的实践能力和创新精神亟待加强，教师队伍整体素质亟待提高，人才培养模式、教学内容和方法需要进一步转变。因此，迫切需要采取切实有效的措施，进一步深化高等学校教学改革，提高人才培养的能力和水平，更好地满足经济社会发展对高素质创新性人才的需要。
（三）实施质量工程，是坚持科学发展观，全面落实党中央、国务院战略决策和部署的重要举措，是落实科教兴国战略和人才强国战略的重要组成部分。质量工程以提高高等学校本科教学质量为目标，以推进改革和实现优质资源共享为手段，按照“分类指导、鼓励特色、重在改革”的原则，加强内涵建设，提升我国高等教育的质量和整体实力。质量工程充分考虑了提高教学质量的系统性和复杂性，确定了具有基础性、全局性、引导性的项目作为改革的突破口，以调动广大高校的积极性和主动性，引导高等学校教育教学改革的方向。质量工程的实施，对于扩大优质教育资源受益面，形成重视教学、重视质量的良好环境和管理机制，实现高等教育规模、结构、质量和效益协调发展，具有十分重要的意义。
（四）实施质量工程，需要调动政府、学校和社会各方面的力量，把发展高等教育的积极性引导到提高质量上来。各地要加强对高等教育工作的领导，充分利用各方面力量支持高等学校的发展，切实解决高等学校在提高质量方面的实际问题，为高等学校办学创造良好的外部环境。各地教育行政部门和高等学校要强化教学质量的“一把手责任”，把更大精力、更多财力投入到提高教学质量上，要根据当前高等教育改革和发展的新形势、新任务，围绕影响高等学校教学质量的主要方面，明确目标要求，制定具体政策，扎实推进质量工程。
二、指导思想与建设目标
（一）指导思想
坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，全面落实科学发展观，全面贯彻党的教育方针，全面推进素质教育；坚持“巩固、深化、提高、发展”的方针，遵循高等教育的基本规律，牢固树立人才培养是高校的根本任务、质量是高校的生命线、教学是高校的中心工作的理念；按照分类指导、注重特色的原则，加大教学投入，强化教学管理，深化教学改革，提高人才培养质量。
（二）建设目标
通过质量工程的实施，使高等学校教学质量得到提高，高等教育规模、结构、质量、效益协调发展和可持续发展的机制基本形成；人才培养模式改革取得突破，学生的实践能力和创新精神显著增强；教师队伍整体素质进一步提高，科技创新和人才培养的结合更加紧密；高等学校管理制度更加健全；高等教育在落实科教兴国和人才强国战略，建设创新型国家、构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用得到更好的发挥，基本适应我国经济社会发展的需要。
三、建设内容
（一）专业结构调整与专业认证
根据科学技术发展的特点，紧密结合我国高等教育实际，研究建立适应国家经济与社会发展需要的本科专业设置和调整制度，制订指导性专业规范，构建专业设置预测机制，定期发布各类专业人才的规模变化和供求情况，为高校优化专业布局和调整人才培养结构提供指导。大力加强本科专业建设，按照优势突出、特色鲜明、新兴交叉、社会急需的原则，择优选择和重点建设3000个左右特色专业点，引导各级各类高等学校发挥自身优势，努力办出特色。积极探索专业评估制度改革，重点推进工程技术、医学等领域的专业认证试点工作，逐步建立适应职业制度需要的专业认证体系。
（二）课程、教材建设与资源共享
继续推进国家精品课程建设，遴选3000门左右课程，进行重点改革和建设，力争在教学内容、教学方法和手段、教学梯队、教材建设、教学效果等方面有较大改善，全面带动我国高等学校的课程建设水平和教学质量。启动“万种新教材建设项目”，加强新教材和立体化教材建设，鼓励教师编写新教材，积极做好高质量教材推广和新教材选用工作。积极推进网络教育资源开发和共享平台建设，建设面向全国高校的精品课程和立体化教材的数字化资源中心，建成一批具有示范作用和服务功能的数字化学习中心，实现精品课程的教案、大纲、习题、实验、教学文件以及参考资料等教学资源上网开放，为广大教师和学生提供免费享用的优质教育资源，完善服务终身学习的支持服务体系。开发网上考试系统，研究制订相关标准，逐步实现大学英语和网络教育全国统考课程的网上考试，创造安全、便捷、高效的考试平台。
（三）实践教学与人才培养模式改革创新
大力加强实验、实践教学改革，重点建设500个左右实验教学示范中心，推进高校实验教学内容、方法、手段、队伍、管理及实验教学模式的改革与创新。开展基于企业的大学生实践基地建设试点，拓宽学生的校外实践渠道。实施大学生创新性实验计划，支持15000个由优秀学生进行的创新性试验，促进学生自主创新兴趣和能力的培养。择优选择500个左右人才培养模式创新实验区，推进高等学校在教学内容、课程体系、实践环节等方面进行人才培养模式的综合改革，以倡导启发式教学和研究性学习为核心，探索教学理念、培养模式和管理机制的全方位创新。继续开展大学生竞赛活动，重点资助在全国具有较大影响和广泛参与面的大学生竞赛活动，激发大学生的兴趣和潜能，培养大学生的团队协作意识和创新精神。
（四）教学团队与高水平教师队伍建设
加强本科教学团队建设，重点遴选和建设一批教学质量高、结构合理的教学团队，建立有效的团队合作的机制，推动教学内容和方法改革和研究，促进教学研讨和教学经验交流，开发教学资源，推进教学工作的老中青相结合，发扬传、帮、带的作用，加强青年教师培养。鼓励和支持校内及聘请国内外著名专家学者和高水平专业人才承担教学任务和开设讲座，推动双语教学课程建设，探索有效的教学方法和模式，切实提高大学生的专业英语水平和直接使用英语从事科研的能力。每年评选100名高等学校教学名师奖获得者，大力表彰在教学和人才培养领域做出突出贡献的教师。
（五）教学评估与教学状态基本数据公布
加强和改进高校本科教学工作评估，以评促建，以评促改，评建结合，重在建设，促进学校强化教学管理、深化教学改革、提高教学质量。研究制定高等学校分类指导、分类评估的政策和制度，引领高等学校合理定位，发挥优势，办出水平，办出特色。建立高等学校教学基本状态数据检测体系，定期采集各类高等学校本科教学基本状态信息和数据，统计和分析高等学校教学基本状态和变化趋势，逐步将教学质量和教学改革的数据向社会公布。
（六）对口支援西部地区高等学校
推进对口支援西部高校工作，促进东部和西部高等教育的协调发展。重点资助受援高校教师到支援高校进行半年以上的进修提高。在对口支援高校中实行干部交流制度，资助一批受援高校教学管理干部到对口支援高校学习锻炼，交流管理经验，提高受援高校的教学管理水平。
四、建设资金与组织管理
（一）质量工程由中央财政专项支持。专项资金按照统一规划、单独核算、专款专用的原则，实行项目管理。财政部、教育部将联合制订《高等学校本科教学质量和教学改革工程专项资金管理办法》（另发）。项目承担学校根据专项资金管理办法，具体负责经费的使用和管理。
（二）鼓励各地方、各部门和高校发挥自身特点，在中央重点支持项目的基础上，积极筹措资金支持质量工程项目的实施。
（三）教育部、财政部成立质量工程领导小组，协商决定质量工程的重大方针政策和总体规划。领导小组下设办公室，具体负责质量工程的日常工作。项目承担学校应指定相关部门作为专门机构，统筹负责本校质量工程项目的规划和实施。
（四）质量工程领导小组办公室根据质量工程建设目标和任务，制订和发布项目指南，确定项目遴选标准和基本条件，聘任评审专家，组织评审立项。项目采用学校先行立项建设、各省（自治区、直辖市）择优推荐、领导小组办公室组织评审立项、后补助建设经费的方式进行。通过这种方式，形成学校、地方和中央三级立项建设的体系，引导和带动学校和地方教育行政部门加强质量建设工作，扩大质量工程的影响。
（五）项目承担学校按照统一部署，根据质量工程的总体目标和任务，依据所承担项目的要求，在充分调查研究论证的基础上，结合学校的特色和办学定位，以改革创新促进发展的思路，确定项目建设实施方案，组织项目实施，并保证项目建设达到预期成效。
（六）质量工程领导小组办公室将加强对质量工程建设项目的检查、审计和绩效评估，并根据检查、审计、评估的结果，对有关高等学校的项目和资金进行调整。建设项目完成后，组织专家会同相关部门组织验收。充分发挥质量工程的示范和带动作用，把教学质量与教学改革作为高校评价的一项重要内容，从而更好地促进全国高校在提高教学质量、深化教学改革方面工作的开展。
二○○七年一月二十二日
国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国家旅游局《关于加强旅游工作的意见》已经国务院同意，现转发给你们，请结合本地区、本部门的实际情况贯彻执行。 旅游业是一项综合性事业，涉及航空、交通、文化、建设、轻工、纺织、商业等许多部门，各有关部门要积极配合和支持，共同努力，推动我国旅游事业更加健康
、协调地发展。关于加强旅游工作的意见 党的十一届三中全会以来，在改革、开放方针的指引下，我国旅游事业迅速发展，在增加我国非贸易外汇收入、促进对外经济贸易和文化交流、增进同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊等方面发挥了积极作用。目前我国旅游业的发展已具备了相当的
基础和进一步加快发展的基本条件，国际旅游业持续稳定发展的大趋势也有利于我们把旅游事业搞上去。为进一步加强对旅游工作的协调管理，争取我国旅游业有一个更大的发展，现提出如下意见：
一、加强旅游管理工作，搞好各级旅游管理机构改革。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及旅游重点城市，特别是旅游资源比较丰富的热点地区，要按照党政分开、政企分开和精简、统一的原则，从当地情况和发展国际国内旅游业的需要出发，结合地方机构改革，统筹安排，建立健全旅
游管理机构。各级旅游管理部门要切实转变职能，划清职责范围，合理配置机构。为切实搞好政企分开，需做到：（一）旅游部门主管领导不得兼任地方旅游公司、旅行社或饭店的经理；（二）旅游局与其直属企业要在人、财、物管理方面完全分开，使旅游企业真正做到自主经营、自负盈
亏；（三）各级旅游管理部门开展旅游业务的费用，由各级财政安排。为了加强旅游管理部门与旅游经营单位之间的联系，国家旅游局将根据工作需要，适当调整“中国旅游协会”、“中国旅游饭店协会”，成立“中国国内旅游协会”，协助旅游主管部门协调与各有关部门的关系，研究指
导国内旅游业发展中的有关事宜。
二、进一步明确国家旅游局的行业管理范围和管理权限，建立分级管理的办法和制度。全国所有的旅游企业事业单位，包括旅游院校和科研单位，经营国际、国内旅游业务的旅行社，各类旅游涉外饭店、宾馆、餐馆及旅游车船公司，对外开放的重点旅游风景区、游览点、旅游商品经销
店以及派驻国外的旅游办事机构、国外在华开设的旅游办事机构等，其隶属关系均不变，但旅游局要按照国家的有关规定，实行行业管理和检查监督。各级旅游管理部门对各级各类旅游企业，要一视同仁。国家旅游局要按此原则，会同有关部门研究制定分级管理办法，并严格旅游企业审批
制度。所有旅游企事业单位都要接受行业管理和监督。
三、全面深化改革，实行承包经营责任制。各级旅游管理部门和办有旅游企业的部门，可结合本地区、本部门的具体情况，根据国家有关规定，研究提出在国营、集体旅游企业实行承包经营责任制的具体计划和实施步骤，并使之配套、完善和深化。在实行承包经营责任制中，可根据不
同工作性质（旅行社、旅游涉外饭店、旅游车船队等）和不同经营情况（盈利企业、还贷企业、亏损企业等），采取不同的承包经营方式。凡是有外汇收入的企业，要承包创汇指标，并制定相应的结汇管理办法。有条件的企业，可以逐步建立企业风险基金。要采取招标招聘等多种形式，通
过竞争确定承包者。承包合同期限，一般不应少于3年。承包合同一经确定，承发包双方都要严格履行，不得违反。实行承包经营责任制，要和改进企业管理、促进企业内部管理制度的改革紧密结合起来，按照责、权、利相结合的原则，进一步改革和完善企业的劳动工资制度，严格考核和
奖罚制度。
四、改革旅行社管理体制。鼓励、支持国旅、中旅、青旅三大骨干旅行社向建立企业联合体和企业集团的方向发展。对已开办的各类旅行社，国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要按照《旅行社管理暂行条例》和《旅行社管理暂行条例实施细则》进行考核和整顿。各类旅行社都要切实搞好
企业内部改革，进一步挖掘潜力，促进经营管理水平和服务质量的提高。
五、加强旅游对外宣传招徕工作，努力开拓国际客源市场。国家旅游局要进一步加强对国际客源市场的调查研究，制定开拓国际市场的具体规划并组织实施。驻外旅游办事处要搞好国际旅游市场调研和宣传招徕，负责各外联单位在外宣传招徕的管理工作，积极开展与驻在国有关机构、
旅行社和旅游批发商等的联系，并注意搜集和反馈有关信息。各驻外办事机构在驻在国法律许可的范围内，也可酌情开展一些有偿服务或经营性活动。各外联单位在对外推销旅游线路时，要互相配合，顾全大局，不得低于保护价竞销或相互贬低。鼓励提倡各外联单位自愿组织起来，开展对
外联合推销。对于违反外联纪律的，国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要根据情节轻重给予行政处分或经济处罚。为适应我国旅游业发展的需要，旅游宣传推销经费可逐年有所增加。今后各外联单位开展对外联合推销活动，可采取收费的办法，凡参加及受益单位均需缴纳一定费用。
六、加强对新建旅游涉外饭店的宏观管理，推进饭店管理制度改革。各级旅游管理部门要认真贯彻执行今年9月22日国务院发布的《楼堂馆所建设管理暂行条例》，会同当地计划部门，对本地区旅游涉外饭店项目进行认真清理。今后，各地一般不要再建设高档旅游涉外饭店。温冷点
地区可根据旅游客源市场需求，酌建中低档饭店（可视需要在中档饭店内设若干高档房间）。北京、上海、广州、桂林、西安、杭州等旅游热点城市，原则上不再批准中外合资或合作建造饭店。要按照国办发〔1988〕17号文件精神，加快建立我国自己的饭店管理公司。对确需新建中
外合资、合作饭店的，必须按照国发〔1986〕101号和国办发〔1988〕32号文件有关规定办理。对于由国家旅游局投资或参与投资建设的旅游风景区和游览点，地方旅游管理部门要参与领导和管理。推进饭店管理制度的改革。全国旅游涉外饭店星级评定工作，已有具体标准和
实施办法，要抓紧进行，争取明年底完成。要逐步建立旅游涉外饭店（包括各类旅行社和旅游车船公司）营业许可证发放和吊销制度。旅游主管部门对有严重违法乱纪行为的旅游企业，可建议工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。
七、审慎进行旅游价格方面的改革，加强对旅游外汇收支及结汇的管理。旅游价格问题直接关系到国家的利益和声誉，要不断进行调查研究，作出审慎的改革，并按规定报批。要充分考虑适应国际竞争需要，根据不同旅游路线、不同季节等特点，改革价格结构模式，更加科学、合理地
制定价格（国家旅游局和国家物价局今后主要是制定最高限价和最低保护价）。价格原则一经确定，各级、各类旅游企业都应严格执行。对于违反价格纪律的，要严肃处理。 国家旅游局要会同国家统计局、国家外汇管理局、财政部、中国银行等部门，在加强对旅游外汇收支统计工作的同
时，进一步加强对旅游外汇的收支管理，建立旅游外汇结汇制度，并纳入计划；要研究制定《旅游外汇管理办法》和《旅游外汇财务管理办法》，报国务院批准后实施，以尽快扭转目前旅游外汇收入流失严重的状况。
八、大力发展旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售，进一步提高我国旅游业的创汇水平和经济效益。搞好旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售是旅游业一个重要组成部分，也是为国家创汇的重要途径之一。要逐步建立起全国旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售网络。要以国家旅游局所
属的“中国旅游服务公司”系统、轻工部现有的“中国旅游产品生产供应公司”系统、商业部现有的“中国友谊服务公司”系统为基础，发挥其主导作用，进一步扩大业务，形成各具特色、经营不同旅游商品和旅游纪念品的企业体系。这些企业系统，可以有计划地兴办一批旅游纪念品生产
基地和研究国际旅游商品、旅游纪念品市场行情、开发新产品的科研单位，逐步使科研开发与产供销紧密结合。要鼓励各地特别是旅游重点地区大力发展具有民族风格、地方特色的旅游商品和旅游纪念品的生产，增加花色品种，广开货源渠道，改善销售服务，加强市场管理。要落实国务院
早已确定的“旅游商品创汇视同外贸出口创汇”的规定，并研究制定具体办法；对外贸出口中属于非实行出口许可证管理的商品，要进一步扩大对国外旅游者的销售；旅游商品、旅游纪念品的销售价格，要根据不同商品的货源情况、国际市场行情和经贸部门的具体销售方针，灵活掌握；发
展旅游商品、旅游纪念品生产所需国内紧缺的专用原材料，各级物资部门要纳入供货渠道；必须由国家统一进口的原材料，要纳入国家进口计划；对所需进口的专用原材料，按国办发〔1987〕16号文件有关规定执行。北京、上海、广州是海外旅游者出入境的三大口岸，要逐步建设成
为亚洲地区有一定规模和声誉的旅游购物城市。 目前一些旅游涉外饭店用大量外汇进口内装修材料、卫生洁具、机电设备和零部件，为尽快改变这种状况，今后对凡属于国内已能生产的产品，价格合理，质量、交货期等方面又能保证需要的，应一律停止进口。建议由有关部门提出限制进
口的产品目录，并由行业归口管理部门进行审批。
九、加强旅游从业人员的队伍建设，抓好职业道德和职业纪律教育。要进一步抓好旅游院校教育工作和从业人员的培训工作，大力培养不同层次、不同类别的旅游专业人才。要强化职业道德和职业纪律教育，不断提高旅游从业人员的政治、业务素质，树立旅游职业的光荣感和责任感，
反对各种不正之风，进一步提高旅游服务质量，搞好优质服务，使我国旅游业在国际上建立良好的信誉和形象。
十、加强与各有关部门的协调配合。旅游业是一项综合性事业，其发展不仅取决于旅游部门本身的工作，而且与航空、交通、城建、园林、文物、文化、轻工、纺织、商业、宗教事务等很多部门的工作紧密相关。旅游业又是一项跨地区的行业，大量的组织工作和实际工作要靠地方去做
，需要协调一致。各级旅游管理部门要进一步与有关部门密切配合，共同努力，促进我国旅游事业更加健康协调地发展。
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THEAPPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISMADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE
APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISM
ADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
(December 21, 1988)
The Report, "Suggestions Concerning the Strengthening of Tourist Work",
submitted by the National Tourism Administration, has been approved by the
State Council and is hereby transmitted to you for implementation in the
light of the actual conditions of the respective localities and
departments.
The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking which involves
departments such as aviation, communications, culture, construction, light
industry, textile industry, and commerce. All the departments concerned
shall coordinate and support each other and make joint efforts to promote
the sound and coordinated development of tourism in our country.
SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
Since the conclusion of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the
policy of reform and opening to the outside world, tourism has been
developing very rapidly in our country; and it has played an active part
in increasing our country's non-trade foreign exchange earnings, in
boosting international trade and cultural exchange, and in promoting the
mutual understanding and friendship between peoples throughout the world.
At present, our country possesses a fairly good foundation for the
development of tourism and the necessary conditions for speeding up such
development. The general trend of continuous and steady development of the
international tourism is also favourable to us for promoting our tourist
industry. In order to further strengthen the coordinated administration of
tourist work and strive for a greater development of our tourist industry,
we hereby advance the following suggestions:
1. Strengthening the administration of the tourist industry and doing a
good job in the reform of tourism administration organs at various levels.
The people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as tourist
cities, especially those favourite haunts with relatively rich tourist
resources, shall, in accordance with the principles of "separating Party
organs from government organs", "separating government organs from
enterprises", and "simplified and unified administration", and in the
light of local conditions and needs of the development of international
and domestic tourism, set up and improve the tourism administration organs
by combining them with the reform of local setups and making overall
arrangements. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall make timely and specific adjustments to their responsibilities,
clearly define their scope of duties, and rationally deploy their
organizations. In order to effect the separation of government organs from
enterprises, it is imperative to lay stress on the following measures:
(1) The persons in charge of the tourism administration departments shall
not assume concurrently posts of manager of local tourist companies,
tourist agencies, or hotels;
(2) The tourism bureaus shall be completely separated from the enterprises
directly under them in the administration of such aspects as personnel,
finance, and materials, so that the tourist enterprises shall carry on
their business operations independently, and assume sole responsibility
for their profits and losses;
(3) The expenses for the tourism administration departments at various
levels to conduct tourist business operations shall be appropriated by the
finance departments at various levels. In order to strengthen the
connections between tourism administration departments and tourist opera-
ting units, the National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance with
the requirements of work, make necessary adjustments with regard to the
"China Association of Tourism" and the "China Association of Tourist
Hotels", and establish thereby the "China Association of Domestic
Tourism", which shall assist the competent authorities for tourism in
coordinating relations with other departments concerned and in studying
and providing guidance to the development of domestic tourism.
2. Further clarifying the scope of responsibility and the limits of powers
of the tourist administration bureaus, and establishing a system of graded
administration. The subordinative relationship of all the tourist
enterprises and tourist institutions throughout the country-including
institutes and schools of tourism, research institutes of tourism, tourist
agencies that are engaged in the international and domestic tourist
industries; various categories of tourist hotels, guest houses,
restaurants, and tourist automobile and vessels companies for the
reception of foreign tourists; key tourist scenic spots, tourist
attractions, and shops selling tourist goods that are open to foreigners;
tourist representative offices abroad, as well as the tourist
representative offices established in China by foreign tourist agencies-to
the competent administrative authorities directly over them shall remain
unchanged; but the tourist bureau shall, in accordance with the provisions
of the State, implement the system of trade administration, inspection,
and supervision. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall treat tourist enterprises of various categories equally without
discrimination. The National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance
with the aforesaid principle, and working in coordination with other
departments concerned, make a study of, and work out, ways to implement
the system of graded administration and effect a stricter procedure in
examining and approving the establishment of tourist enterprises. All the
tourist enterprises and tourist institutions shall, without exception,
subject themselves to trade administration and supervision.
3. Deepening the reform in a comprehensive way and implementing the
responsibility system of contracted business operations. The tourism
administration departments at various levels and the departments that run
tourist enterprises shall, taking into consideration the actual conditions
of the local areas and of their own departments, and in accordance with
the pertinent provisions of the State, make a study of, and submit a
report on, a specific plan and practicable procedures for the
implementation of the responsibility system of contracted business
operations in state-run and collectively-run tourist enterprises and, at
the same time, formulate other provisions to perfect such a system. In the
course of implementing the aforesaid responsibility system of contracted
business operations, different forms of contracted business operations may
be adopted, in accordance with the differences in the nature of business
operations (tourists agencies, tourist hotels specialized in receiving
foreign guests, fleets of tourist automobiles and vessels) and business
operations of different conditions (enterprises with profits, enterprises
that have to repay loans, enterprises suffering losses and with a
deficit). All those enterprises that have foreign exchange earnings shall
carry out a contracted target for earning foreign exchange, and work out a
corresponding method for the administration of the settlement of the
exchange. Enterprises, which possess the necessary conditions, may
gradually set up risk funds for themselves. The contractor shall be
finally determined, through various kinds of competition, such as by
inviting tenders, or by advertising for employment. The contract period
shall, in principle, be no shorter than 3 years. Once a contract is
confirmed and signed, the two parties, the contractor and the party
awarding the contract, shall execute the contract strictly, and under no
circumstances shall it be violated. The implementation of the
responsibility system of contracted business operations calls for a close
integration of the improvement of enterprise management and the promotion
of reform in the internal administration system of enterprises, and for
further efforts in reforming and improving the labour wage system and the
policy of reward and punishment, in accordance with the principle of
combining responsibility, power, and profit.
4. Reforming the administration system of tourist agencies. The three
backbone travel services-China International Travel Service, China Travel
Service, and China Youth Travel Service-shall be encouraged and supported
to develop towards the establishment of an integrated complex or
enterprise group.
With respect to those tourist agencies of various categories that have
already been set up, the National Tourism Administration and local tourism
administration departments shall carry out assessment and rectification in
accordance with the provisions in Interim Regulations on the
Administration of Tourist Agencies and Rules of Implementation for Interim
Regulations on the Administration of Tourist Agencies. Tourist agencies of
various categories shall all carry out effectively the reform in the
internal work of their respective tourist agencies, further tap their
potentials, so as to raise standard of their operation and administration,
and to improve the quality of their services.
5. Strengthening overseas tourist publicity and the endeavouring for
soliciting tourists, and striving to expand the international market for
foreign tourists. The National Tourism Administration shall make further
efforts in investigating and analyzing the market for international
tourists, work out specific plans for the expansion of the said
international market, and take measures to put it into practice. Our
resident representative tourist offices abroad shall try their best to
investigate into the market for international tourists and carry out
publicity work for soliciting visiting tourists, take the responsibility
to supervise the publicity and soliciting endeavour carried out abroad by
units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, actively make
contacts with the institutions concerned, tourist agencies and tourist
wholesalers in countries where our representative tourist offices are
resident, and pay attention to collecting and feeding back relevant
information. Various resident representative tourist offices abroad may,
within the scope of law of the respective countries where they are
resident, and at their discretion, undertake some paid services or other
business operational activities.
Various units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, while
canvassing among foreigners for tourists itineraries, shall work in close
coordination and take the interests of the whole country into account.
They may not play down the others and compete against them by offering
prices lower than the protective price. Various units in charge of liaison
work with foreign countries shall be encouraged to collaborate on a
voluntary basis to canvass jointly among foreigners. With respect to those
who have violated external liaison disciplines, the National Tourism
Administration and the local tourism administration departments shall,
depending on the seriousness of the cases, impose disciplinary sanctions,
or economic penalty, on the violators. In order to meet the needs of the
development of the tourist industry in our country, the outlay for
conducting tourist publicity and canvassing abroad may be increased with
each passing year. From now on, various units in charge of liaison work
with foreign countries, when canvassing jointly among foreigners may
collect service charges: all units that take part in the canvassing
activities and derive benefits there from shall pay the charges.
6. Strengthening the macro-administration of those newly-built tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests and promoting the
reform of hotel administration system. The tourism administration
departments at various levels shall conscientiously implement Interim
Regulations on the Construction and Administration of Storied Buildings,
Halls, Hotels and Guest Houses, promulgated by the State Council on
September 22, 1988, and, working in coordination with the local planning
departments, carry out a checking-up on the projects of local tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests. From now on, in
principle, no more high-grade tourist hotels that specialize in receiving
foreign guests shall be built in any place. In areas less frequented than
favourite tourist haunts, medium-and low-grade hotels may be built, in
accordance with the tourist market's demand, and depending on the actual
circumstances, (a number of highgrade rooms may be provided in a
medium-grade hotel, if necessary). In such highly frequented tourist
cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Xi'an, and Hangzhou, no
new hotel construction projects with Chinese-foreign joint investment or
by Chinese-foreign cooperation shall, in principle, be approved. In
accordance with the guideline of Document No. 17 (1988) issued by the
General Office under the State Council, it shall be imperative to speed up
the establishment of the hotel administration company of our own country.
In cases where necessity arises for the building of new hotels in form of
Chinese-foreign joint ventures or Chinese-foreign contractual joint
venture, the cases shall be handled in accordance with the provisions in
Document No. 101 (1986) and Document No. 32 (1988), issued by the General
Office under the State Council. As regards the tourist scenic spots and
tourist attraction, built and facilitated with, or partly with the
investment of the National Tourism Administration, the local tourism
administration departments shall take part in the leadership and
administration of the aforesaid tourist places.
Promoting the reform in the hotel administration system. There are now
specific standards for the "star-rating" of the country's tourist hotels
that specialize in receiving foreign guests; the rating process shall be
speeded up and strive to complete the task by the end of next year. The
system for issuing and revoking business licence for tourist hotels that
specialize in receiving foreign guests (including various categories of
tourist agencies and tourist automobiles and vessels companies) shall be
gradually set up. With respect to those tourist enterprises that have
committed serious illegal acts, the competent authorities for tourism may
suggest to the relevant administrative departments for industry and
commerce that the business licences of the aforesaid enterprises be
revoked.
7. Carrying out, with caution, the reform in tourist prices, and
strengthening the administration of the receipts and expenditures in
foreign exchange as well as the settlement of exchange relating to tourist
enterprises. The problem of tourist prices has a direct bearing on the
interests and reputation of the State; therefore it is imperative to
conduct careful investigation and studies before taking cautious steps in
the reform, and submit the reform plan to higher authorities for approval.
It is necessary to reform the price structure so as to fix the tourist
prices more scientifically and reasonably by taking into full
consideration the necessity to meet the challenge of international
competition, and in accordance with the special features of different
tourist itineraries and different seasons (from now on, the National
Tourism Administration and the State Administration for Commodity Prices
shall chiefly fix the ceiling price and the floor price - the protective
price). Once the price principles are determined, the tourist enterprises
at various levels and of various categories shall execute them strictly.
Those who have violated the price discipline shall be dealt with
seriously.
The National Tourism Administration shall, working in coordination with
such departments as the State Statistical Bureau, the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange Control, the Ministry of Finance, and the Bank of
China, strengthen the statistical work on the tourist enterprises'
receipts and expenditures, and tighten the control of the foreign exchange
receipts and expenditures of the tourist enterprises, establish the system
for the settlement of tourist foreign exchange, and bring this work into
line with the State plan. It is imperative to formulate, through studies,
the Measures for Foreign Exchange Control in Tourism and the Measures for
the Financial Administration of Foreign Exchange in Tourism, and submit
these two documents to the State Council for approval before
implementation so as to reverse as early as possible the present situation
of serious drain on foreign exchange earnings from tourism.
8. Developing vigorously the manufacture and marketing of tourist goods
and tourist souvenirs, increasing the volume of the foreign exchange
earning from tourism in our country and improving its economic results.
The manufacture and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs
constitute an important component part of the tourist industry, and is
also an important channel for earning foreign exchange for the State. It
is imperative to establish gradually a nationwide network for the
production and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs. For the
aforesaid purpose, the "China Tourist Services Company" under the National
Tourism Administration, the "China Tourist Products Production and Supply
Company" under the Ministry of Light Industry, and the "China Friendship
Services Company" under the Ministry of Commerce shall be taken as the
foundation; their leading role shall be brought into full play, and their
businesses shall be further expanded so that they shall grow into
complexes of enterprises specialized in different lines of business,
handling different assortments of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs.
These complexes of enterprises may establish, in a planned way, a number
of production bases for the production of tourist souvenirs, and a number
of research institutes for carrying on studies in the marketing quotations
of international tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and for developing
new products, so that scientific research and product development will be
combined in the integrated process of production-supply-marketing. It is
necessary to encourage various places, especially the key tourist areas,
to vigorously develop the production of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs that are of national style with various local colours, to
increase designs and varieties, to expand channels for sources of goods,
to improve sales service, and to strengthen market administration. It is
imperative to implement conscientiously the provisions approved long ago
by the State Council: "the foreign exchange earned through the sales of
tourist goods shall be deemed as the foreign exchange earned by foreign
trade" and to formulate, through studies, specific measures for carrying
out the said provisions; with respect to those export goods which do not
come under the licence control, it is important to expand their sales to
foreign tourists; the selling prices of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs shall be handled flexibly in accordance with the different
conditions of goods supply, the international market quotations, and the
specific marketing policy pursued by the economic and trade departments.
The special raw and processed materials which are needed for the
development of the production of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and
are in short supply in the country, shall be brought into the goods supply
channels handled by the departments of goods and materials at various
levels; those raw and processed materials that are imported solely by the
State shall be brought into the plan for importation executed by the
State; the special imported raw and processed materials needed shall be
handled in accordance with the pertinent provisions in Document No. 16
(1987) issued by the General Office under the State Council. As Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the three main ports of entry and exit for
overseas tourists, they shall be turned into cities with sizable tourist
shopping centres and good reputation in Asia. At present, some tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests spend a large amount of
foreign exchange in importing fitting-up materials, sanitary utensils,
machinery and electrical equipment, and spare and component parts. In
order to change this situation without delay, from now on, all similar
products which can already be manufactured in our country and reasonably
priced and whose quality and delivery time can be guaranteed shall cease
to be imported. We suggest that a catalogue of products to be restricted
in importation be put forward by the departments concerned and the
importation of the aforesaid products shall be examined and approved by
the administrative departments of the trades concerned.
9. Strengthening the building of a contingent of tourist personnel and
paying close attention to the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline. It is imperative to improve the educational work
in schools and institutes of tourism and the professional training of
tourist personnel, especially the training of qualified specialized
personnel at various levels and of different categories. It is also
imperative to intensify the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline, so as to improve the political and professional
quality of tourist personnel, to foster a sense of honour and
responsibility, to oppose all kinds of unhealthy tendencies, to improve
the quality of tourist services and offer high-quality services, thus
enabling our tourist industry to establish good international reputation
and image.
10. Strengthening the coordination between different departments
concerned. The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking, the
development of which relies not only on its own work, but also on the
close coordination with such organizations as the departments of aviation,
communications, city construction, gardens and parks, historical relics,
culture, light industry, textile industry, commerce, and religious
affairs. The tourist industry is also a trans-regional trade, and a large
amount of organizational work shall be done by the local departments; a
harmonious coordination is thus indispensable. Tourist departments at
various levels shall strengthen their coordination with other departments
concerned and make joint efforts in promoting a sound and co-ordinated
development of the tourist industry in our country.
1988年12月21日
